Showing posts with label economic collapse. Show all posts
Showing posts with label economic collapse. Show all posts

Risk and Liquidity (Clarendon Lectures in Finance) Review

Risk and Liquidity (Clarendon Lectures in Finance)
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The Clarendon lectures by Hyun Shin represent collection of ideas he has developed over the past 10-15 years.
Many of these ideas preceded the financial crisis and were in fact prescient as to how the crisis came about.
While the book touches in important ways on both aspects of its title "risk" and "liquidity", the ideas about risk
are the most potent and in fact drive the book's thesis about liquidity.
The key idea is simple and explained beautifully well: that much of modern risk management - both inside
banks and that which is adopted by Basel capital requirements - is highly firm-centric or partial equilibrium
in view. It does not recognize that individual agents, taking the same action in interest of reducing each one's
risk in isolation can in fact make the system more fragile. These common actions could be building exposures to
mortgage-backed securities because Basel has encouraged them to do by lower capital requirements, or liquidating
assets all at once since they have all hit their risk limits based on common model assumptions. That risk of the
system is thus ENDOGENOUS to the very rules that are designed to reduce this risk is a subtle point that can help
understand much of what went in lead-up and unfolding of the recent crisis. It also helps understand why financial
firms and their employees, working each in their own self-interests, found it surprising that the aggregate outcome
of their actions was so calamitous.
The book also builds rich ideas around liquidity in asset markets and on balance-sheets, in turn being endogenous
to choices of agents in the economy, and how measures adopted to limit agency problems such as mark-to-market
accounting can similarly exacerbate market liquidity in times when several firms are close to their risk management
constraints at once. The book then goes on to suggest sound principles for - especially MACRO-PRUDENTIAL -
regulation of the financial system, principles that recognize the fallacy of composition and that guard against the
fact that risk and liquidity are endogenous to regulation itself.
The author, as part of a group of colleagues at London School of Economics (along with Charles Goodhart in particular)
had forewarned in 2002 in a report that Basel risk-weights are likely to endogenously make certain asset classes
more systemic and the economic cycle more severe in a downturn. Their academic thinking, like that of some others,
however went unheeded. The hope is that the ideas in these Clarendon lectures will receive more serious attention
and can be kept in mind as financial regulation is rewritten. I encourage everyone interested in financial markets,
crises and regulation to read this important contribution, in academia, practice and policy alike.

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This book presents the Clarendon Lectures in Finance by one of the leading exponents of financial booms and crises. Hyun Song Shin's work has shed light on the recent global financial crisis and he has been a central figure in the policy debates.The paradox of the global financial crisis is that it erupted in an era when risk management was at the core of the management of the most sophisticated financial institutions.This book explains why.The severity of the crisis is explained by financial development that put marketable assets at the heart of the financial system, and the increased sophistication of financial institutions that held and traded the assets. Step by step, the lectures build an analytical framework that take the reader through the economics behind the fluctuations in the price of risk and the boom-bust dynamics that follow.The book examines the role played by market-to-market accounting rules and securitisation in amplifying the crisis, and draws lessons for financial architecture, financial regulation and monetary policy.This book will be of interest to all serious students of economics and finance who want to delve beneath the outward manifestations to grasp the underlying dynamics of the boom-bust cycle in a modern financial system - a system where banking and capital market developments have become inseparable.

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A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers Review

A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers
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Two kinds of people are likely to be attracted to this book: the common man in the street who wants to know how a company like Lehman blew up so spectacularly and the financial markets insider who wants to know the inside scoop.
If you are the former, this book is likely to please. It has all the elements of a pot boiler - the breathless accounts of secret meetings, mutiny in the boardroom and the heroic efforts of a few key guys trying valiantly to save the sinking ship. It has the relentless enemy and the arch villain. The only thing missing is the scantily clad woman draped over the hero's arm.
The other side of the barbell is the financial services insider who knows all the acronyms inside and out - CDO, CLO, RMBS, CMBS, SIV who is nevertheless looking for a straight account of what went wrong - like the classic 'smartest guys in the room' on the Enron disaster.
If you are on that side of the barbell, steer clear of this book. It offers no insight into anything, except perhaps the massive ego of a low level trader. By all accounts, Larry McDonald should never have been allowed to place the kind of bets he claims to have made. He was obviously a junior trader on a bond desk that used shareholder money to short everything in sight taking massive short CDS positions on all sorts of names, good and bad. The irony seems entirely lost to him, but his desk was part of the CDS problem - buying protection with no underlying holdings.
Like any gambler, he worships the analyst (Jane Castle) who gave him the hot tip - (Buy Delta, young man!) but is too dumb to acknowledge that Delta could easily have woundup another Eastern, or more to the point, another TWA. The 'hostile' bid from US Airways that made his profit, nearly killed US Airways... but I digress.
Larry does let his political persuasions come through. Clinton is an arch villain for letting Roberta Achtenberg loose on banks 'forcing' them to lend to the huddled masses. 'Easy mortgages were the invention of Bill Clinton's Democrats' he proclaims. Never mind that the CRA ran for over 12 years with nary a problem until the boneheads on Wall Street decided to get in on the action by securitizing it.
Perhaps the most telling passage comes in the tail end of the book and summarizes it quite well:
"All my life, I've been a laissez-faire Ronald Reagan / Margaret Thatcher capitalist, swearing by the market, taking the risks and the devil take the hindmost. But this one time, I was looking for a Givernment rescue and I wasn't going to get it"
This one time. When my stock value is at stake, the principles I held all my life just vaporized. Hank Paulson should have cared more about my stock options in Lehman. That son-of-a-bitch was making an example out of Lehman with *MY* money.
This book is a lousy excuse for a tell-all or even a straight accounting of the events leading up to Lehman;s demise. 'When Genius Failed' this ain't.

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Out of the Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London Review

Out of the Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London
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The pit trader postures and screams to establish dominance. He uses physical and psychological intimidation to scare off potential competitors. A certain amount of cooperation and even trust is necessary for him to be successful. It's surprising that Jane Goodall hasn't seen fit to study these young primates.
Caitlin Zaloom, a cultural anthropologist, lived among the savages at the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the London International Financial Futures Exchange (LIFFE) for several years, long enough for them to become accustomed to her presence and even, to a point, trust her or at least ignore her. A woman in the trading pit is about as rare as a human living among the gorillas.
There are some pretty compelling reasons to study the trading pits. They are disappearing and soon most trading will be done electronically from all over the world. Traders won't be in the same room with each other and shouting will get you nowhere. How will this change trading? Obviously a loud voice will no longer give a trader an advantage, but will being an alpha male still be a plus?
Zaloom looks at the traditions of traders, the architecture of the trading space, the traders' clothing and habits, how traders get their jobs and how they're trained. She learned the techniques of traders and she became a trader. It's a short book (177 pages of text plus excellent and detailed notes, bibliography, index, and photos), but it covers a lot of territory. The style is often academic, with references to Michel Foucault, for instance, but on the other hand, these are pit traders we're talking about, so you'll have to pardon their French. Zaloom describes an especially colorful London trader, Freddy, who wears khakis with holes in them that show his underwear. He picks his nose, flashes the pit, and sings and barks loudly. It's hard to imagine how the markets will survive without him.

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