Showing posts with label american indian. Show all posts
Showing posts with label american indian. Show all posts

Sierra: A Novel of the California Gold Rush Review

Sierra: A Novel of the California Gold Rush
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I had to let this one rest a little bit before I was willing to take an analytical point of view. It was a good love story and I wanted to enjoy feeling mushy and misty about it. Actually, there are two love stories, one a Romeo & Juliet plot sort of like "All the Pretty Horses" (Impossible not to picture Penelope Cruz!) and the other the classical Odyssey plot except that this Penelope is named Susannah (as in "Oh,Susannah") and her father-in-law throws her out of the young couple's comfortable Midwestern farm. The contrast in the two young men of the stories is that one is a from a large, vigorous, open-your-mouth-so-I-can-put-this-silver-spoon-in prosperous family which he needs to escape and the other is from no real family and barefoot in the world. (He's the one who falls in love with the Californio girl, who believes she is living in an extension of Mexico.)
All four are true to their genders and their times and each must endure much before the ending. The final reunion of Ulysses and his Susanna capitalizes on the light in a canvas tent, if you remember what it's like. "...a magic shadowless place. The golden light burnished Ulysses, turning his deep tan into amber liquid. It caught his face, and she saw a man who had been transformed. As much gold emanated from him as from the filtered sun." The other story ends classically: "Stephen Jarvis lifted her in his arms and carried her up."
The interesting "inside" factor is that when Wheeler was working on the book he had an agent who kept trying to influence him to make bad guys the focus. Wheeler resisted this and perhaps his resistance and the necessity of defending his own particular style and world-vision made this novel even more coherent and dense with detail that it would have been otherwise.
The WORST villain is a man leading a party crossing of the US to California. Not content with traveling so early that much of the trail is still mud, he pushes his livestock to their limits and then shoots them so they can't recover to be used by others coming behind. Carcasses go into water sources to spoil them. Any dissenters are abandoned with no supplies. Also, he burns off all the grass as he goes, to slow down any travelers behind him. One longs for him to end up on some Indian rotisserie, but he gets to California and thrives in the gold fields, wandering off into a continuing brutal life. He doesn't do much digging -- just takes gold from others.
There are two other "bad guys," one female, who are both portrayed as human. Both are gamblers and the male version warns, "Don't gamble with me because I'll clean you out no matter who you are." And he does.
The key to the plot is what happens AFTER the men have either made or not made their gold strike: how they respond to the developing government and rising population. After the boom had ended, those who prospered were the ones who found opportunities in mercantile and agriculture. Sometimes the gold was key and sometimes skills from back East made the day. Many times chance made the difference, just as it did in finding the gold.
As usual there is a lot of interesting historical detail. I hadn't thought about all the ships in California bays, abandoned on the tide flats when the sailors deserted to look for gold. Some became instant floating hotels, stores or even jails. A phenomenon of gold, the heavy metal, is that it settles through the gravel beds of streams and lodges against the bedrock. One can only get at it with heavy equipment or by digging "coyote holds" five or six feet deep, risking death in collapses. Even a simple technology like a rocker box made an enormous difference.
This book won Wheeler a Spur Award and was certainly part of the case for his Owen Wister Award for lifetime achievement.

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The Trail of the White Mule: An American Western Classic Review

The Trail of the White Mule: An American Western Classic
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Around 1900 Bower started to write about the wild west - and she was one of a few women writers that 'wrote like a man' and fooled most of her readers at the time. But she knew what she was writing about, and grew up in the west, listened to all the tales, and wrote with a passion about the life, the men, the women, and the harsh conditions of the time. Not afraid to write about the violent times she is one of the best western writers ever, that this book is one of her finest - full of the stuff that we love in a western, fighting, fun, drinking, and gun-play!

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An American Western Classic!The traffic officer was Irish too and bigger and madder. For all that, Casey offered to lick the livin' tar outa him before accepting a pale, expensive ticket which he crumbled and put into his pocket without looking at it.B.M Bower had a gift for writing Westerns, weaving tales of adventure, intrigue, mystery, and romance - often with surprise endings. They are historical reminiscences of pioneers among the sage and bush, clearing the way for a new America. She herself lived on a Montana ranch, and her personal wide-ranging travels and respect for nature were inspiration for her work. She knew and loved the tireless young men who worked their hearts out in the only way they knew how to. She captured in authentic detail and charm, the spirit and lives of the men and women of her times who fought so hard for justice and honor among the harsh reality of the American frontier.Add this exciting American classic to your Western library today!

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Red Cloud: Warrior-Statesman of the Lakota Sioux (Oklahoma Western Biographies) Review

Red Cloud: Warrior-Statesman of the Lakota Sioux (Oklahoma Western Biographies)
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Traditionally, stories of Indian leaders view them as temporarily dangerous nuisances the whites had to deal with during the reasonable and inevitable process of moving the Indians onto reservations. This book is part of a new approach of looking at what an Indian leader tried to achieve for his people and assessing how he went about it and how successful he was in meeting his own goals. There is much detail. Larson has been extremely thorough in his researches, and, though we do not really hear Red Cloud's voice, we respecfully watch him do what he had to do to further his people's best interests. He didn't wear a suit or tie or have an Ivy League degree, but Red Cloud functioned very well indeed in opposing an alien force. Anyone who thinks the earth may one day be invaded from outer space should study Red Cloud. Thank you, Oklahoma University Press.

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Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent-- Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man Review

Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent-- Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man
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The story of George Bent is riveting. Halfbreed is history at its best. It is exceptionally well written and, at the same time, superbly researched and footnoted. Many historians and writers have incorporated bits and pieces of the Bent story into their work, but Halfbreed is the first attempt to tell the whole story. Halaas and Masich have pieced together a rich tapestry as Bent's life weaves in and out of Indian and white worlds. Following the Sand Creek massacre of 1864 Bent chose the Cheyenne path, in war and peace, until his death in 1918.

I recommend Halfbreed for everyone interested in the American West, the Civil War, Indian culture, and great storytelling.

P.S. I'm not sure if it's still in print, but these are the same authors who wrote Cheyenne Dog Soldiers--now the standard source on that subject.

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The Comanche Empire (The Lamar Series in Western History) Review

The Comanche Empire (The Lamar Series in Western History)
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This is an outstanding scholarly work well deserving of five stars. In some respects I wonder if it could have been written by an American (the author is Finnish) since it sharply contrasts with the politically correct myth of the American Indians, always fighting in defense of their homeland and way of life against the overwhelming encroachments of evil Europeans. Some will use the term "revisionist" to describe this work, but more accurately it should be described simply as Comanche history for two centuries from the Comanche viewpoint. To put the contrast in more familiar terms, until recently almost all books on the World War II Eastern Front between Germany and the Soviet Union have been told from the German side. Now David Glantz and others are writing books that tell the Soviet side. Are they "revisionist?"
The author traces the Comanches from origins among the Shoshones, moving through Colorado and becoming allied with the Utes (other authors describe the Comanches as being forced out into the Great Plains by the Utes), acquiring horses and guns from Mexican traders, then spreading into Northern Texas and surrounding country. There they established a virtual "empire", or more accurately, a sphere of hegemony and influence, that extended into six US states and several states in Northern Mexico by 1840. This can be considered as a region controlled loosely by semi-nomads who would eventually face the problem of maintaining their "empire" through population growth in permanent settlements. (The reader should look for parallels to the Golden Horde on the plains of Southern Russia.) The Comanches did not always exterminate all other people in their sphere of influence, but rather used them for trade, a source of slaves, and goods acquired through war and negotiation.
The Comanche collapse came swiftly through a combination of factors, notably drought, disease, and the decimation of the Bison herds through natural causes and over-hunting. By the time they faced serious opposition from Americans (Texans), they were already in steep decline. But until 1840, Comancheria was ruled by the Comanches, taking what they wanted from people on their borders, whether Anglos, Mexicans, or other Indians.
The Comanches were not a benign people, frequently murdering, raping, and enslaving those who opposed them or simply had nothing else of use for the warriors to take. The author describes their society extremely well (much like the Apaches except for the roles of the horse and bison.) Their warrior society was able to undertake raids over 1,000 miles from the heart of Comancheria into Mexico, and even the Lipan Apaches were forced to migrate to escape annihilation. The author points out that the Comanches were fortunate in their timing in that they were able to build their empire in an area not particularly coveted by the Mexicans or Americans until a hundred years later. But his model of an expansionist Indian nation is in direct opposition to the paternalistic tomes normally emanating from academia, although it also fits to a large degree with the history of other aggressive tribes such as the Aztecs, Pohatans, Iroquois and Sioux (Lakota.)
This work is an easy read and stuffed full of facts not normally found in books on the Comanches, or for that matter, on any Indian tribe. All to often, the Indians are simply the enemy and described from the viewpoint of the settler or Army officer, or if the work is coming from academia, it's a discourse on victimhood and how the Indians were mistreated, cheated, and faced with genocide. This book shows them to be real human beings, warts and all, aggressive and defensive, merciful and cruel. There is much to learn here, and if the reader re-assesses his opinions and attitudes towards American Indians as a result, it is all to the good.
If the reader is interested in American history, buy and read this book. Its importance goes far beyond the Comanches.
A less-than-brief review by Frank McLynn in the Literary Review (it escapes me why the LR would ask a Brit to review a book by a Finn on America -- although he did write Villa & Zapate and Wagons West) (Google "Frank McLynn on the Commanche Empire) will give you a pretty good idea of the book's detail content, but be forewarned that some of McLynn's comments are wrong. The Comanches did not war against the Fox Indians and McLynn apparently does not understand the author's math in regards to the bison herd. 6.5 bison per person per year yields 260,000 animals taken if the Comanche and allied population is 40,000, not 20,000. His remarks about the required academic jargon for peer acceptance are correct however -- the author should have avoided the garbage so loved in the ivory towers in a book slated for wide dissemination. For me, the appearance of academic jargon at various times was this book's only flaw.

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Crazy Horse, Third Edition: The Strange Man of the Oglalas, Third Edition Review

Crazy Horse, Third Edition: The Strange Man of the Oglalas, Third Edition
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Difficult to read but well worth it as Sandoz allows you to enter into a world few have had the privilege to view dispelling myths and even bringing a good deal of controversy regarding long held beliefs about our Native American heros. She gives the reader the opportunity to see the beginning of the end of our first inhabitants as they learn from the white man about greed, deception and dependancy. Even though written through the 40's Sandoz depicts a world of policies and politics that parrallels that of our own world today. We should learn from our mistakes!

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Crazy Horse, the legendary military leader of the Oglala Sioux whose personal power and social nonconformity contributed to his reputation as being "strange," fought in many famous battles, including the Little Bighorn, and held out tirelessly against the U.S. government's efforts to confine the Lakotas to reservations. Finally, in the spring of 1877 he surrendered, only to meet a violent death. More than a century later Crazy Horse continues to hold a special place in the hearts and minds of his people. Mari Sandoz offers a powerful evocation of the long-ago world and enduring spirit of Crazy Horse. Chosen as a 2007 One Book, One Nebraska selection, this edition of Crazy Horse includes discussion questions and a comprehensive glossary to enhance the reader's experience with this classic Sandoz text.

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One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West before Lewis and Clark (History of the American West) Review

One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West before Lewis and Clark (History of the American West)
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Colin Calloway has written an impressive debut volume for the University of Nebraska Press' History of the American West series. It weaves the latest archeological discoveries together with Native American oral history into cotemporary European accounts to produce a panoramic overview of 15,000 years of human existence is western America. His narrative ends at the point where coventional school textbooks begin -- with Lewis and Clark. This book has expanded my understanding by showing me that "The West is not a land of empty spaces with a short history..." Calloway wants us to see western history as a "long and unbroken continuum" that stretches backward in a vast spiral of years and forward beyond our own lifetimes.
Most of us have a static view of Native American culture in the West; a 19th century snapshot with tribal characteristics and territories frozen in place. Calloway gives the reader a motion picture full of swirling migrations and altered identitites -- the result of altered climate, technology, as well as of European intervention. He integrates important events in native history into the timeline of world history in a way I have not previously encountered. As the Revolutionary War raged east of the Appalachians, a great smallpox epidemic that reduced native populations by 50-75% was raging to the west. The land Lewis and Clark explored was far emptier than it had been just a generation earlier.
The diffusion of corn-growing into cooler regions of North America, starting in the sixth century C.E. initiated a revolution in Native American life. At the time the Normans invaded England, the Cahokias were building monumental earthworks and plazas amid fields of corn at the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi. It was probably the largest city North America had seen until New York surpassed it at the end of the 18th Century. The Cohokias, like the Anasazi of the Southwest, had vanished before Lewis and Clark pushed west. The arrival of the horse on the plains in the 16th century coicided with climatic changes that expanded buffalo populations. Some native groups that had adopted the agrarian life forsook their cornfields, moved out onto the plains, and morphed into nomadic warrior cultures. The Sioux, Apaches, and Cheyenne were farmers before they were buffalo hunters.
Although ONE VAST WINTER COUNT is unapologetically academic, it is well written and very readable. Without interrupting the narrative flow, Calloway identifies his sources and earmarks points of scholarly disagreement. The book devotes less space to native cultures of the Pacific coast than to others. Calloway's explanation is that he had to rely heavily on the record created by Europeans (who came later to that region). He says he chose to make his primary focus "centers of action and interaction". He ends the book by pointing to the depopulation of the rural West, the exhaustion of water resources, and the return of the buffalo as signs that the endless spiral of winters may be making another turn.

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The Slave Ship: A Human History Review

The Slave Ship: A Human History
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The slave ship gives a fascinating forte in the archives of slavery and the making of modern history. It was a vehicle, transporting captives whose labor was necessary for America's economic survival; it was a factory, where African men, women, and children were transformed into "cargo"; and it was an instrument of war, complete with fearsome weapons with the capability to destroy any who might challenge its gruesome mission. In Marcus Rediker's book it explores these historical uses of the slave ship by drawing on an astonishing array of archival material, revealing the voices of slaves, common sailors, pirates, captains, and traders in all their complex humanity. Rediker's talent as a writer and a historian is to bring this kind of disparate information into one solid, available and enthralling narrative.

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Wide Ruins: Memories from a Navajo Trading Post Review

Wide Ruins: Memories from a Navajo Trading Post
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"Wide Ruins" is a wonderful reading experience on an interesting topic. Sallie Wagner weaves a personal tale of her experiences as the trader at Wide Ruins, Arizona, in the 1940's. Her story progresses quickly and she seems to provide enough detail of her experiences without lingering too long on any one topic. She vividly describes the role of the trading post and of the traders. The trading post was a general store, a pawn shop, and a safety deposit box. The traders were resourceful businessmen who could conduct business without any actual money trading hands. They were esteemed residents who helped the Navajo people survive a difficult time in America's history.
This memoir is a significant piece of literature because it was written by one who actually lived in a world that few non-Navajos ever get to see. She decribes the Navajo people and the Navajo culture in a way that makes their time and place real. It is not an academic study by a distant scholar of the culture. It is a personal account of a world that no longer exists, and as such, it is a treasure. I would also recommend "Navajo Trader" by Cladwell Richardson in addition to "Wide Ruins".

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Newlyweds Sallie Wagner and Bill Lippincott came to the Navajo Reservation in 1938. Before they knew it, they owned a trading post at Wide Ruins, Arizona. The years they spent there were the best of their lives, and this lively, honest memoir recalls them in detail. Trading post life combined business with the kinds of experiences generally associated with anthropological field work. Like many traders, Sallie Wagner influenced the weavers whose rugs she purchased. She was one of the traders who persuaded weavers to use vegetal dyes, leaving a permanent legacy in Navajo weaving. Tourists discovered Indian reservations in the 1930s, and the Lippincotts were visited often by friends and strangers alike, many unable to navigate reservation roads.
"This story is a must read for those interested in the Navajo people in the early days. Sallie Wagner has managed to catch and retain the essence of what it meant to be white in a Navajo world that was unbelievably different."--Edward T. Hall

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The Case of the Indian Trader: Billy Malone and the National Park Service Investigation at Hubbell Trading Post Review

The Case of the Indian Trader: Billy Malone and the National Park Service Investigation at Hubbell Trading Post
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Thank you to the author, Paul Berkowitz, for sharing his experience with us. For those of us that know Billy Malone, we are grateful for the details of his ordeal. It is truly sad that within our own National Park System, such a tragedy was allowed and fostered by those in control. Of all of our governmental agencies, we expected our National Park System to be honorable and trustworthy ... heroic. What a disappointment to discover that this agency is corrupt and selfserving. Bill Malone was the reason so many of us went to the Hubbell Trading Post. He has always treated his customers and his community with nothing less than high respect. His devotion to the trading post and it's renouned profile within the Navajo Arts and Crafts world were priceless.
What happened to him was wrong ... not only wrong, but criminal.

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This is the story of Billy Gene Malone and the end of an era. Malone lived almost his entire life on the Navajo Reservation working as an Indian trader; the last real Indian trader to operate historic Hubbell Trading Post. In 2004, the National Park Service (NPS) launched an investigation targeting Malone, alleging a long list of crimes that were similar to Al Capone. In 2005, federal agent Paul Berkowitz was assigned to take over the year-and-a-half-old case. His investigation uncovered serious problems with the original allegations, raising questions about the integrity of his supervisors and colleagues as well as high-level NPS managers. In an intriguing account of whistle-blowing, Berkowitz tells how he bypassed his chain-of-command and delivered his findings directly to the Office of the Inspector General.

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