Showing posts with label missouri. Show all posts
Showing posts with label missouri. Show all posts

The Santa Fe Trail in Missouri (MISSOURI HERITAGE READERS) Review

The Santa Fe Trail in Missouri (MISSOURI HERITAGE READERS)
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One wonders how this book was deemed worthy of publication by a reputable press. Although there are some good sections, there is much outdated information and misinformation. The author apparently has no awareness of the Santa Fe Trail Association and the many relevant articles that have appeared in Wagon Tracks during the last 24 years. For example, Barile states, p. 36, that the number of men accompanying William Becknell to Santa Fe in 1821 is "a mystery," which would be no mystery had she read Pedro Ignacio Gallego's diary in Wagon Tracks (November 1992). Also, the author seems not to have consulted Louise Barry's Beginning of the West, which is filled with material from primary sources about the early history of the Trail. She appears unable to judge between the best and the worst of secondary sources about the Trail.
The volume includes a wide variety of material (much of the text about general Missouri history and folklore is good, as are some biographies, while the details about the Trail are weak), some with little or no relation to the Trail, and repeats myths and misinformation. There is confusion about which Indian tribes were located along the Trail. William Becknell did not traverse Raton Pass (pp. 81, 87), as any serious student would know. Most of the wagons used on the Trail were not Conestogas. There are errors that any good proofreader should have caught. There are some stories with no foundation in fact. The members of wagon trains did not escape tornadoes by digging ditches and driving the wagons into them, "then chain the wagons together for greater protection" (p. 94). One wonders how someone with so little understanding of Trail history could get such erroneous information published.


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Founding St. Louis: First City of the New West (MO) Review

Founding St. Louis: First City of the New West (MO)
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As a long time follower of St. Louis history, I found this is an excellent and very in depth review of the founders of St. Louis. Fred Fausz talks about the motivation that led the founders (Laclede and Chouteau) from the mountains in France to the shores of the Mississippi River and what drove their thoughts and enabled their personal success, and the success of the early days of the entire City of St. Louis.
This book is extremely well researched and ties together many of the complex issues of the time (like Thomas Jefferson's policies towards the Native American Indians) that I have never seen discussed before.
Plus the book is an easy and entertaining read for anyone who wants to learn more about St. Louis, and the development of the early American Mississippi River Valley.

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The animal wealth of the western "wilderness" provided by talented "savages" encouraged French Americans from Illinois, Canada and Louisiana to found a cosmopolitan center of international commerce that was a model of multicultural harmony. Historian J. Frederick Fausz offers a fresh interpretation of St. Louis from 1764 to 1804, explaining how Pierre Laclède, the early Chouteaus, Saint Ange de Bellerive and the Osage Indians established a "gateway" to an enlightened, alternative frontier of peace and prosperity before Lewis and Clark were even born. Historians, genealogists and general readers will appreciate the well-researched perspectives in this engaging story about a novel French West long ignored in American history.

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By Honor and Right: How One Man Boldly Defined the Destiny of a Nation Review

By Honor and Right: How One Man Boldly Defined the Destiny of a Nation
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I found By Honor and Right to be a most rewarding read. For me, the story presented by John C. Jackson was intriguing at three levels. First of all, the book provides background on an under-appreciated data point that would later re-enforce one of a series of tenuous U.S. territorial claims in our northern borderlands. In an exercise of connecting-the-dots, this involved a region that later filled in the northwest corner of the U.S. puzzle. The outcome, however, was not inevitable. In 1806 U.S. Army Captain John McClallen stepped out into the geo-strategic void that was left in the wake of the return of the Lewis & Clark Expedition to St. Louis. Circling wide to find a back door to Santa Fe in order to open up trade, McClallen found himself being the sole representative of the U.S. government in the northwest interior during the 1807-1808 period.McClallen had previously intercepted Lewis and Clark as they were heading downriver. They shared with their fellow officer the concern that the Montreal based Northwesters were becoming well entrenched on the upper Missouri. Furthermore, there was the imminent threat that this Canadian company represented beyond the continental divide. The following year, as the only U.S. authority present in the region, McClallen felt compelled to challenge David Thompson and his Canadians as they fanned out into the upper Columbia basin, to map and trap along the Kootenai, Pend Oreille, and Clark Fork tributaries. McClallen also had the good fortune to follow a band of Flatheads over the continental divide along a relatively easy crossing, instead of the almost fatal route that Lewis and Clark had taken with the Shoshone. Of comparative interest as well, much like Captain Bonneville a quarter of a century later, McClallen was on a leave of absence from the U.S. Army to conduct a private venture with strategic national implications. Coordinated through his commanding officer, General Wilkinson, this venture was to run in parallel with that of a better known official one under Lt. Zebulon Pike.
Secondly, amplifying on several of the points touched on above, at another level Jackson's book does a marvelous job of providing the reader with a sense of the ambiguity surrounding the conflicted national loyalties and interests rampant on the American frontier at this time. This is combined with what today would pass for incredible conflicts of interest, due to an overlapping of the public and private spheres. Thereby one acquires a new appreciation for the context in which the intrigues of Vice President Aaron Burr and General James Wilkinson occurred. Likewise, for Jackson's treatment of the ever shifting Indian alliances, and his highlighting of the magnitude of the role played by the French-Canadians of Missouri in the opening of the American West.
Then finally, among this latter group, there is one of the cast of characters that had accompanied Lewis & Clark only as far as the Mandan villages. As the Expedition was returning the following year, this individual opted to join up with Captain McClallen's venture to go back in. Like virtually all of McClallen's men in this American expedition, he spoke French, not English or Spanish. And of course he had never been to France. He was actually born in Quebec, Canada, his name being Francois Rivet. When Francois passed away 46 years later in 1852 in Oregon's French Prairie settlement in the Willamette Valley, he and his Indian wife Therese Tete Platte (Flathead) left behind a legacy of dozens of mixed-blood French and Salish speaking metis children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren. In the course of the 1850s, as a new order established itself in the low country, most of the Rivet descendants gradually headed back upriver to find refuge among their mother's people in the Flathead country of what is now western Montana. As one among a hundred or so similar metis settler families in the region south of the 49th parallel, the thousands of descendants of the Rivet clan alone constitute one of the largest and oldest families currently inhabiting the repopulated Pacific Northwest.
In conclusion, to any prospective reader of By Honor and Right, I would offer one warning. If you prefer to read conventional versions of history that `keep it real simple,' and don't challenge us a bit, then I would recommend against tackling this book.
Robert Foxcurran
Pacific Northwest Historians Guild President

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The Chouteaus: First Family of the Fur Trade Review

The Chouteaus: First Family of the Fur Trade
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A movie of the life of the Chouteaus would have to be one of those generational epics running as a week-long series on channels such as HBO. "This family [featured] energetic, adventurous men destined to play significant roles in the advance of the United States and Euro-American civilization westward from the Mississippi River." The Chouteau men were active mostly before the Louisiana Purchase. By their explorations and commercial ventures in large parts of the area of the Purchase and contacts with Native Americans, they eased the growth of the United States beyond the Mississippi River. Some of the Chouteau men were prototypes of the mountain men who became legendary in American lore; though the Chouteau men were usually more entrepreneurial (rather than individualistic) in their activities and aims.
One of them spent time in a Spanish jail in the Southwest for misunderstandings with Spanish authorities about his presence in Spanish territory. And rather than trapping themselves and selling or trading the seasonal catch, most of the Chouteau men worked to create business networks of Native American tribes, European and American buyers, and varied commercial interests such as transportation and banking. In general, the Chouteau men also recognized the desirability and in some ways necessity of relations with governmental authorities.
The first of the Chouteau men were actually children of a man who has come to be known historically as Leclede and a Marie Therese, the wife of Rene Auguste Chouteau, who after some time in New Orleans returned to France abandoning her. The children were given the Chouteau name because the mother had to keep this name since the parents' Catholicism forbid them from divorcing. It was Laclede who set the pattern for the following two generations of the Chouteau men who had such an influence on opening the West for Euro-American settlement and development. In sympathy with French claims to upper parts of the Mississippi at the time of the French and Indian War, Laclede "committed himself to the proposition of constructing and operating one of the first franchised trading operations in the barely explored wilderness of the Mississippi Valley." In 1763 with his teenaged son Auguste a member of his crew, Laclede set out by keelboat up the Mississippi from New Orleans. During this trading venture, in the Spring 1764, Laclede named a site where cabins for shelter and sheds for storage of furs had been built Saint Louis in honor of the French king. This was the origin of the city of Saint Louis which at first an outpost, later became a key crossroad in trade between the western lands and the eastern towns and cities. Before long, Laclede's wife moved from New Orleans to Saint Louis with their children. One of these was named Pierre Chouteau.
Auguste and Pierre Chouteau and their male children carried on the tradition begun by their father Laclede. Pierre's eight sons especially had an incomparable role as sources of information about the areas and in advancing trade and other commercial interests as a prelude to settlement as they pursued their varied interests. Hoig--professor emeritus of journalism at the University of Central Oklahoma--follows the adventures and accomplishments of the Chouteaus through developments relating to the Louisiana Purchase up to the Civil War.

There are many legendary explorers and pioneers in the story of the United States' westward expansion. But the Chouteau's are unique in that they were generations of one family whose combined efforts largely in pursuit of business opportunities and becoming wealthy are beyond compare.

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In the late eighteenth century, the vast, pristine land that lay west of the Mississippi River remained largely unknown to the outside world. The area beckoned to daring frontiersmen who produced the first major industry of the American West--the colorful but challenging, often dangerous fur trade. At the lead was an enterprising French Creole family that founded the city of St. Louis in 1763 and pushed forth to garner furs for world markets.
Stan Hoig provides an intimate look into the lives of four generations of the Chouteau family as they voyaged up the Western rivers to conduct trade, at times taking wives among the native tribes. They provided valuable aid to the Lewis and Clark expedition and assisted government officials in developing Indian treaties. National leaders, tribal heads, and men of frontier fame sought their counsel. In establishing their network of trading posts and opening trade routes throughout the Central Plains and Rocky Mountains, the Chouteaus contributed enormously to the nation's westward movement.

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