Showing posts with label international relations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label international relations. Show all posts

The New Silk Road: How a Rising Arab World is Turning Away from the West and Rediscovering China Review

The New Silk Road: How a Rising Arab World is Turning Away from the West and Rediscovering China
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My husband passed me this book after he read it in one sitting, and told me, "you must read this".
Since we're from Southeast Asia and based in the Middle East, it made sense, as the theme is about the Arab world's rediscovery of China. But I also came with low expectations because I expected another big picture book about China buying oil from the Gulf, the post 9/11 situation pushing the Arabs to Asia, or rising Sovereign Wealth Funds from the two regions managing the West's suspicions. I was pleasantly surprised to find that "The New Silk Road" took a radically different approach. There are some real-life stories here written by someone who gives us the 'worm's eye view' but can also give us the 'eagle-eye' assessment. The author, a westerner who speaks Mandarin and Arabic, is like a gum-shoe detective who explores linkages that Tom Friedman seems to have overlooked. He starts by focussing on the dots and then connecting them between China and the Arab world. These dots are the small and medium size traders in Yiwu in China's Eastern seaboard joined to the other smaller traders in old souks in Damascus, Syria like Souk Al Hamideyyeh. He has some wonderful anecdotes of how intrepid women traders from China even brave the forbidding Saudi market, which would put off many Western women. Being a woman, I found these stories heart-warming and encouraging, but was also fascinated by the history of it. These traders are re-establishing the old Silk Road that existed hundreds of years ago. Instead of the Land route they are flying, but the linkages are being re-made.
After this general introduction, he goes on to talk about Chinese petro-dollars and SWFs, which are pretty much well-covered. But its done with some real local insight. For example, I never knew about a Chinese language novel,"The Battle in Protecting Key Oil Routes" published soon after the Iraq war which talks about a naval battle between China and US over energy, which is located a 100 miles from Singapore.
The book then tackles the fascinating question of how the China growth model applies to the Arab world, specifically Syria. Here I wish there was some deeper discussion with the Arab policy people or elite on how they see this model, although the writer does quote a Syrian leader standing amazed at Shenzhen's development.
My favourite chapter is "Young Women and the Future of the Arab World" a trend that is often ignored, but which this book explors through the story of a women from Shenzhen, the "Female Heroes" of China. He then talks to a Syrian preacher cum dentist about the possibility of young Syrian women working in factories in Syria. These are areas or issues that I haven't seen discussed before and which breaks new grounds.
The rest of the book focusses on the media and PR war (which is interesting for me as well as a former PR pro and journalist) and because it looks at how Al Jazeera (which is based in Qatar, where I live) has been an influence on Chinese media.
A fascinating chapter for students of Arabic follows, and I was surprised to learn that you can get a Chinese translator for Arabic for just $30 a day! Imagine the potential for out-sourcing! There is an interesting discussion on the difficulties and values of studying Arabic, and I was intrigued to learn how the Chinese government encourages the minority Hui and even majority Han (but not the separatist Uighurs?) to study Arabic fusha for commercial reasons. There's an interesting contrast between Fusha and putonghua, which I don't think I've seen discussed elsewhere (and which prompted a long discussion with my husband, who's studied putonghua and fusha).
The last chapter I found a little disjointed after a great excursion in corners I'd never imagine, making linkages and connections which are often overlooked. But it makes an important point that the west should pay attention to how China and the Middle East are coming together as part of what Simpfendorfer calls " a new global re-balancing. "

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The rise of the Arab world and China are part of the same story, once trading partners via the Silk Road. It isn't a coincidence that Arab traders have returned to China at the same time that China is fast regaining its share of the global economy. Thisis a breakthrough account of how China is spurring growth in the Arab world.

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Fair Trade: A Beginner's Guide (Beginners Guide (Oneworld)) Review

Fair Trade: A Beginner's Guide (Beginners Guide (Oneworld))
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If you're looking for a cut-and-dry approach to fair trade, this is not the book for you. I was looking for something that really got into the functional side of fair trade business relationships, and was disappointed to see the author took the typical, tired, aid-focused approach. I firmly believe that artisans and agriculturalists in developing countries have a lot to offer in trade, and if we approach relationships with a win-win mentality, progress and development will follow. The author seems to believe the developed world needs to engage in these relationships as a form of assistance - I disagree 100%. Until we start to recognize the TRUE VALUE of products and services from developing countries, we will be trapped in a cycle of aid and handouts.

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Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped Globalization Review

Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped Globalization
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The central thesis of this book is that crossing borders - or what is now called globalization - is actually nothing new, it has been going on since the first humans left their African homeland at the beginning of time. The difference between now and then is that new technologies have expanded the volume, speed and content of border crossings. Nayan Chanda has given us a sweeping overview of the history of globalization from the perspective of traders, preachers, adventurers, and warriors.
Chanda's approach is descriptive rather than prescriptive. He is well aware of the current debate on who globalization actually benefits. On the one hand, globalization has benefited millions in the developing world who now at least have low wages as opposed to no wages at all. Cheerleaders will tell you the rising tide lifts all boats. Critics, on the other hand, charge that it is responsible for many of the world's problems such as global warming, the rise in commodity prices, child labor, and American imperialism. There is certainly some truth in these charges. Chanda recognizes the debate but tries to stay above it. He argues that it is pointless to fight globalization because it has always been with us and it is here to stay. Besides that, no single entity controls it, so it would require the efforts of many to manage it.
Chanda's story begins with an analysis of his own DNA a few years ago. That test showed that he was descended from an African father more than 36,000 years ago. His ancestors were part of a group that represented some of the earliest migrations into India. Aside from international ancestry, Chanda epitomizes the 21st century cosmopolitan, having lived in Calcutta, Paris, Hong Kong, and now New Haven, he has written many scholarly articles for a number of international publications.
Traders, preachers, adventures, and warriors have always been agents of globalization. From Marco Polo on the Silk Route to the journey of the iPod from Shanghai to Chandra's home in New Haven, people and corporations will forever be crossing borders in search of profits. In the section on preachers, Chanda makes some interesting points about NGOs - such as Human Rights Watch. NGOs have taken up the role of missionaries from earlier centuries. Though non-religious, HRW has been active in places like Darfur preaching universal values. This, in my view, is admirable, for one shouldn't shy about claiming moral superiority to the killing that takes place there. NGO workers would probably object to being called preachers, but they shouldn't. Adventurers and Warriors played a large role in border crossings in the past, but less so today, since the world is getting smaller and more user-friendly, due to the advances of technology.
Although Chanda believes globalization is inevitable, he is no neoliberal freemarketer who believes in the infallible benevolence of multinationals. He believes globalization should be managed through collaboration of nation states - such as the WTO - so that there is balance and social justice. (He very critical, for example, of advanced countries protecting their agricultural markets. This is one of the few areas were poor countries can enter global markets and lift themselves out of poverty.) Corporations and NGOs have their unique roles to play, but ultimately national governments need to occasinally intervene to keep the global economy from spinning out of control or leaving large numbers of people destitute.
Chanda's short history of globalization tells us that its current critics are understandable, but basically misguided. Instead of putting up trade barriers and halting immigration they should find ways to make globalization work in their favor.

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