Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 Review

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(More customer reviews)Chaudhury presents us with a readable examination of the economic history of the Indian Ocean system from the rise of Islam to 1750. He shows how the unification of the Middle East and North Africa under Islam and the unfication of China under the Tang dynasty helped bond the regions around the Indian Ocean (and into the Red and South China Seas) into an economically dynamic system. Empires, entrepots, tribes in Eurasia and Africa and traders from outside the Indian Ocean all played roles in the development of this system.
Trade in the ocean was largely peaceful until the Portuguese entered the ocean with what Chaudhury identifies as a typically Mediterranean understanding of the sea and politics. The burgeoning Portuguese empire sought to control the oceanic spice trade by taking control of entrepots, attacking muslim vessels and regulating commerce. This process was viewed with fear by Genoa and Venice, who stood to lose their traditional roles in the spice trade, as well as by the traditionally neutral Indian trading ports. However, the sheer vastness of the ocean, the strength of the Ottoman state, the expansion of the Mughals in India, the naval efforts of the Aceh sultanate in Sumatra and the rise of the Protestant maritme powers of England the the Netherlands all contributed to the futility of the Portuguese venture.
History is shown in a Braudellian schema. The importance of the land and ocean is not to understated in shaping the contours of history. It is truly international. The foundations of our modern world lie in this period when the old oceanic trade networks saw increased European presence, and indeed attempts at control by European powers, concomitant with the European conquest and colonization of the Americas. For the first time, what happened in the Andes and Mesoamerica mattered in China, India, Africa and Europe.
For issues connected to Indian Ocean history, I'd also recommend Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433 (Library of World Biography Series) (Library of World Biography) (Paperback) and Samurai William: The Englishman Who Opened Japan (Paperback). Also, reading The World of Late Antiquity AD 150-750: AD 150-750 (Library of World Civilization) (Paperback) may prove elucidating on the period leading up to this book.

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Cross-Cultural Trade in World History (Studies in Comparative World History) Review

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(More customer reviews)I first encountered this book as part of my grandmother's current reading shortly after its publication. I next saw it as part of the required reading for an upper division undergraduate history course. I mention these to note that this book will interest the casual reader of history or the serious student. While it is scholarly, it's subject takes the reader on such a world tour that it practically qualifies as a travelogue. Curtin's accessible presentation makes this is an exciting as well as an informative read.
Curtin describes how the urge to exchange the goods uniquely available to specific areas has encouraged cultures to meet and exchange ideas as well as goods throughout the centuries. His examples of these exchanges, ranging from Greek city states and West African kingdoms, to Portuguese explorers in the interior of Brazil and Indonesian merchants so accustomed to sailing in search of commerce that they have no home on land, demonstrate the effects on individuals and societies of these meetings, and the accomodations neccesary between merchants to negotiate their differences and get the goods they desire. Along the way we see familiar historical characters in a new light, as with Curtin's discussion of the British trade with Russia and a reexamination of British-Indian trade from the Indian perspective, or his consideration of Spanish competition with the Dutch for South East Asian trade. Players one might not have considered emerge as major powers, as with Armenian trade, from their participation in the Silk Road between Ancient Rome and China, to their invaluable role as cross cultural ambassadors for most of Eurasia up to the nineteenth century. Curtin closes with a consideration of the birth of the modern global industrial economy.
This is a valuable book for any serious student of history and an interseting read for the lay reader as well.

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